THE PAGAN COPYCAT THEORY - MY VIEW

I subscribe to the Pagan Copycat theory, but, unlike others, I think there was a historical person in ancient Israel, Yeshuva ben Yosef the carpenter's son from Nazareth, a revolutionary leader upon whom layers of solar and resurrection myths - 12 disciples like twelve zodiac signs, the miracles [healing fools and cripples, calming tempests, multiplying food, exorcisms, etc.], omens during his birth [new stars in the sky, animals talking, no one allowed to be violent, etc.], attempt made on his life by a tyrant in infancy, raised by Muggle foster parents in a foreign country, virgin birth in a cave on the winter solstice, and death by violent execution on the spring equinox, then resurrection, etc. - were added through the ages, starting with the Gospels themselves, just like it happened to King Arthur and the heroes of the Trojan War.  

Otto Rank [focusing on birth and infancy, with a Freudian/Oedipal bent], Lord Raglan, Joseph Campbell [the monomyth] and many others have found these parallels; already Count Volney - who thought all religions have a solar/zodiacal origin, Brahma and Saraswati are related to Abraham and Sarah, etc. - 

And J-B Pérès - who said Napoleon having twelve field marshals may be a reference to the Sun and the zodiac signs, like Jesus and his disciples, King Arthur and his knights, etc; and that Napoleon's son by his Habsburg wife, the so-called "Eaglet," [the crops] was born on the spring equinox. Napoleon's Habsburg wife would be the fertile Earth, and her predecessor Josephine, the barren Moon. To Pérès, Napoleon defeating the Revolution is like a Chaoskampf between the sky-god and the serpent of chaos [Hercules vs. the Hydra, Thor vs. the Midgard Serpent, Indra vs. Vritra, etc.]; the Revolution was very chaotic, described as a "hydra," and the word revolutus means "coiling," like a serpent). 

THE GREEN KNIGHT - TED-ED VERSION

 One Christmas holiday, young Sir Gawayn (Morgan Le Fey's son, which makes him King Arthur's and Queen Guinevere's nephew) strikes a deadly beheading game with a mysterious green knight (ten feet tall, green-haired, green-skinned, with green weapons and armour, riding an equally green-coated and green-maned horse). Within a year and a day, Gawayn has a rendezvous with Death at the mysterious Green Chapel (or Green Shrine). He can't refuse, because he has sworn an oath.

The next year, Sir Gawayn leaves home on the quest of his life. Freezing to death and exhausted in the wintry wilderness, he decides to rest at the Bertilaks', a childless couple living in a magnificent castle. There, Gawayn is well fed and given a warm, cozy canopy bed with eiderdown covers - but he also strikes a deal with the Bertilaks: the husband will give Gawayn what he has hunted in the woods, but he must give his host in return what his wife has given him in the castle. However, Lady Bertilak proves to be exceedingly frisky, exceedingly seductive. He can't say no to her for that would lead to breaking the laws of courtesy, but he can't say yes either or he'll lead her to infidelity: a real catch 22. And there are only three days left till the fatal rendezvous!

THE GREEN KNIGHT - THE MIDNIGHT ARCHIVE

One Christmas holiday, young Sir Gawayn (Morgan Le Fey's son, which makes him King Arthur's and Queen Guinevere's nephew) strikes a deadly beheading game with a mysterious green knight (ten feet tall, green-haired, green-skinned, with green weapons and armour, riding an equally green-coated and green-maned horse). Within a year and a day, Gawayn has a rendezvous with Death at the mysterious Green Chapel (or Green Shrine). He can't refuse, because he has sworn an oath.

The next year, Sir Gawayn leaves home on the quest of his life. Freezing to death and exhausted in the wintry wilderness, he decides to rest at the Bertilaks', a childless couple living in a magnificent castle. There, Gawayn is well fed and given a warm, cozy canopy bed with eiderdown covers - but he also strikes a deal with the Bertilaks: the husband will give Gawayn what he has hunted in the woods, but he must give his host in return what his wife has given him in the castle. However, Lady Bertilak proves to be exceedingly frisky, exceedingly seductive. He can't say no to her for that would lead to breaking the laws of courtesy, but he can't say yes either or he'll lead her to infidelity: a real catch 22. And there are only three days left till the fatal rendezvous!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight

In the version I grew up with, it was a Green GARTER. And this is the origin story of the Order of the Garter and its motto: "Honi soit qui mal y pense," shame on those who think ill (of wearing a women's garment).

Yon long-haired page in crimson clad is more to my liking

‘Yon long-haired page in crimson clad is more to my liking,’ .... ‘Methinks he has a noble mien, as of one brought up in palaces.’

And as she picked up the shuttle to send the thread of a rosy day-dream through the warp of gold, the long-haired page in crimson clad passed down the street outside, and she saw his image in the mirror.

‘How like a prince he bears himself!’ she murmured. ‘... the pleasure of looking out upon the world and weaving sweet fancies about it. Henceforth I shall not obey ..., but shall daily steal away in here, to weave in secret what ... will not allow me to do openly.’

She worked always in secret, peering ever in the mirror, lest perchance the long-haired page in crimson clad should slip by and she not see him. For the sheen of his fair hair dazzled her to all other sights, and his face was all she thought of by day and dreamed of by night, so that she often forgot to ply her needle or finger her lute. He was only a page, but she called him prince in her thoughts until she really believed him one. When she worked at the web she sang to herself, ‘It is for him—for him!’

The years went by, ... faithful to the page alone.

In part IV ...  to fit a page she believed had a royal and princely demeanor; ...

‘... I wove in secret, and when my prince came by, long ago I gave it him. He stands outside at the casement.’

... saw the long-haired page clad in the mantle which she had woven in secret. ... tore it angrily from the youth, and demanded she should give it to the prince, who waited to claim it, but the prince would have none of it. It was of too small a fashion to fit his royal shoulders, and had been defiled by the wearing of a common page. So with one look of disdain he rode away.

Stripped of the robe her own fancy had woven around him, the page stood shorn before her. It was as if a veil had been torn from her eyes, and she no longer saw him as her fond dreams had painted him. She saw him in all his unworthiness; and the cloth of gold which was her maiden-love, and the rosy day-dreams she had woven into it to make the mantle of a high ideal, lay in tattered shreds at her feet. When she looked from the one to the other and saw the mistake she had made and the opportunity she had lost, she covered her face with her hands and cried out ... But all her upbraiding was too late. As it was written in the stars, her heart broke, as broke the shattered mirror of the Lady of Shalott.


CRITICISM
I’m going to come right out and say it: These princes are jerks, and ... are well rid of them.

I mean, the one prince sees that his fiancée has woven a mantle fit for the page she loves, and given it to him, and he responds by giving her a look of disdain? Who does he think he is, anyway? I get that the author of the story is trying to portray ...’s page as unworthy of her, but honestly, he comes off loads better than the prince. I vote she stick with her faithful page rather than rejecting him because she just realized she might have had a trust fund baby. 

IN A LOVE AGAINST LIFE

So I had this bunny for a while - a Tristan & Isolde Enjoltaire fusion (both Wagnerian and Arthurian elements) where the Thénardiers all fill in for King Mark - in this AU, they adopted an orphan Grantaire instead of Cosette, and, ever since a strand of fine, long golden hair with a static electric charge fell into their midst, they want the Enjolras heir for their firstborn Éponine's fiancé. So they send their valet R to the Camargue as a matchmaker or cupid or go-between to fetch the bridegroom... now add a kuudere Enj, a mishap with a love potion on the return trip (which leads to feelings intensifying between the wrong people, and one-sided admiration turning to something mutual and more serious), an Enjoltaire vs Enjonine conflict that escalates into open war, Combeferre as Kurwenal, Éponine as a woman scorned, lovesickness, lavender oil, savate fights, disguises, Tarot card spreads, bloodstained flour, bloodstained snow, backstabbing at the least expected moments, references to Wagner and to Shakespeare (as well as quotes from Gabriel-era Genesis lyrics, especially these apocrypha, and that song by Amaral - ¿Será tu voz, será el licor, serán las luces de esta habitación? But each chapter title will be a quote from Genesis lyrics)... and, obviously, STAR-CROSSED LOVE ensues, of course!

THE MISFORTUNES OF ELPHIN

A Tale Found Across Celtic Lore
Retold by Thomas Love Peacock - British Romantic author


The
Misfortunes of Elphin

CHAPTER I The Prosperity of Gwaelod

               Regardless of the sweeping whirlwind's sway,
               That, hush'd in grim repose, expects his evening prey.
                                        --Gray [The Bard, II. 2. 75 f.]

IN THE beginning of the sixth century, when Uther Pendragon held the nominal sovereignty of Britain over a number of petty kings, Gwythno Garanhir was king of Caerdigion. The most valuable portion of his dominions was the Great Plain of Gwaelod, an extensive tract of level land, stretching along that part of the sea-coast which now belongs to the counties of Merioneth and Cardigan. This district was populous and highly cultivated. It contained sixteen fortified towns, superior to all the towns of the Cymry, excepting Caer Lleon upon Usk; and, like Caer Lleon, they bore in their architecture, their language, and their manners, vestiges of past intercourse with the Roman lords of the world. It contained also one of the three privileged ports of the isle of Britain, which was called the Port of Gwythno. This port, we may believe if we please, had not been unknown to the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, when they visited the island for metal, accommodating the inhabitants, in return, with luxuries which they would not otherwise have dreamed of, and which they could very well have done without; of course, in arranging the exchange of what they denominated equivalents, imposing on their simplicity, and taking advantage of their ignorance, according to the approved practice of civilized nations; which they called imparting the blessings of Phoenician and Carthaginian light.
  An embankment of massy stone protected this lowland country from the sea, which was said, in traditions older than the embankment, to have, in occasional spring-tides, paid short but unwelcome visits to the interior inhabitants, and to have, by slow aggressions, encroached considerably on the land. To prevent the repetition of the first of these inconveniences, and to check the progress of the second, the people of Gwaelod had built the stony rampart, which had withstood the shock of the waves for centuries, when Gwythno began his reign.
  Gwythno, like other kings, found the business of governing too light a matter to fill up the vacancy of either his time or his head, and took to the more solid pursuits of harping and singing; not forgetting feasting, in which he was glorious; nor hunting, wherein he was mighty. His several pursuits composed a very harmonious triad. The chace conduced to the good cheer of the feast, and to the good appetite which consumed it; the feast inspired the song; and the song gladdened the feast, and celebrated the chace.
  Gwythno and his subjects went on together very happily. They had little to do with him but to pay him revenue, and he had little to do with them but to receive it. Now and then they were called on to fight for the protection of his sacred person, and for the privelege of paying revenue to him rather than to any of the kings in his vicinity, a privilege of which they were particularly tenacious. His lands being far more fertile, and his people, consequently, far more numerous, than those of the rocky dwellers on his borders, he was always victorious in the defensive warfare to which he restricted his military achievements; and, after the invaders of his dominions had received two or three inflictions of signal chastisement, they limited their aggressions to coming quietly in the night, and vanishing, before morning, with cattle: an heroic operation, in which the pre-eminent glory of Scotland renders the similar exploits of other nations not worth recording.
  Gwythno was not fond of the sea: a moonstruck bard had warned him to beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy; and he thought he could best do so by keeping as far as possible out of her way. He had a palace built of choice slate stone on the rocky banks of the Mawddach, just above the point where it quitted its native mountains, and entered the Plain of Gwaelod. Here, among green woods and sparkling freshwaters, he lived in festal munificence, and expended his revenue in encouraging agriculture, by consuming a large quantity of produce.
  Watchtowers were erected along the embankment, and watchmen were appointed to guard against the first approaches of damage or decay. The whole of these towers, and their companies of guards, were subordinate to a central castle, which commanded the sea-port already mentioned, and wherein dwelt Prince Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi, who held the office of Arglwyd Gorwarcheidwad yr Argae Breninawl, which signifies, in English, Lord High Commissioner of Royal Embankment; and he executed it as a personage so denominated might be expected to do: he drank the profits, and left the embankment to his deputies, who left it to their assistants, who left it to itself.
  The condition of the head, in a composite as in a simple body, affects the entire organization to the extremity of the tail, excepting that, as the tail in the figurative body usually receives the largest share in the distribution of punishment, and the smallest in the distribution of reward, it has the stronger stimulus to ward off evil, and the smaller supply of means to indulge in diversion; and it sometimes happens that one of the least regarded of the component parts of the said tail will, from a pure sense of duty, or an inveterate love of business, or an oppressive sense of ennui, or a development of the organ of order, or some other equally cogent reason, cheerfully undergo all the care and labour, of which the honour and profit will redound to higher quarters.
  Such a component portion of the Gwaelod High Commission of Royal Embankment was Teithrin ap Tathral, who had the charge of a watchtower where the embankment terminated at the point of Mochres, in the high land of Ardudwy. Teithrin kept his portion of the embankment in exemplary condition, and paced with daily care the limits of his charge; but one day, by some accident, he strayed beyond them, and observed symtoms of neglect that filled him with dismay. This circumstance induced him to proceed till his wanderings brought him round to the embankment's southern termination in the high land of Caerdigion. He met with abundant hospitality at the towers of his colleagues, and at the castle of Seithenyn: he was supposed to be walking for his amusement; he was asked no questions, and he carefully abstained from asking any. He examined and observed in silence; and, when he had completed his observations, he hastened to the palace of Gwythno.
  Preparations were making for a high festival, and Gwythno was composing an ode. Teithrin knew better than to interupt him in his awen.
  Gwythno had a son named Elphin, who is celebrated in history as the most expert of fishers. Teithrin, finding the king impracticable, went in search of the young prince.
  Elphin had been all the morning fishing in the Mawddach, in a spot where the river, having quitted the mountians and not yet entered the plain, ran in alternate streams and pools sparkling through a pastoral valley. Elphin sat under an ancient ash, enjoying the calm brightness of an autumnal noon, and the melody and beauty of the flying stream, on which the shifting sunbeams fell chequering through the leaves. The monotonous music of the river, and the profound stillness of the air, had contributed to the deep abstraction of a meditation into which Elphin had fallen. He was startled into attention by a sudden rush of the wind through the trees, and during the brief interval of transition from the state of reverie to that of perfect consciousness, he heard, or seemed to hear, in the gust that hurried by him, the repetition of the words, "Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy." The gust was momentary: the leaves ceased to rustle, and the deep silence of nature returned.



  The prophecy, which had long haunted the memory and imagination of his father, had been often repeated to Elphin, and had sometimes occupied his thoughts, but it had formed no part of his recent meditation, and he could not persuade himself that the words had not been actually spoken near him. He emerged from the shade of the trees that fringed the river, and looked round him from the rocky bank.
  At this moment Teithrin ap Tathral discovered and approached him.
  Elphin knew him not, and inquired his name. He answered, "Teithrin ap Tathral."
  "And what seek you here?" said Elphin.
  "I seek," answered Teithrin, "the Prince of Gwaelod, Elphin ap Gwythno Garanhir."
  "You spoke," said Elphin, "as you approached." Teithrin answered in the negative.
  "Assuredly you did," said Elphin. "You repeated the words, "Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy.""
  Teithrin denied having spoken the words; but their mysterious impression made Elphin listen readily to his information and advice; and the result of their conference was a determination, on the part of the Prince, to accompany Teithrin ap Tathral on a visit of remonstrance to the Lord High Commissioner.
  They crossed the centre of the enclosed country to the privileged port of Gwythno, near which stood the castle of Seithenyn. They walked towards the castle along a portion of the embankment, and Teithrin pointed out to the Prince its dilapidated condition. The sea shone with the glory of the setting sun; the air was calm; and the white surf, tinged with the crimson of sunset, broke lightly on the sands below. Elphin turned his eyes from the dazzling splendour of ocean to the green meadows of the Plain of Gwaelod; the trees, that in the distance thickened into woods; the wreaths of smoke rising from among them, marking the solitary cottages, or the populous towns; the massy barrier of mountains beyond, with the forest rising from their base; the precipices frowning over the forest; and the clouds resting on their summits, reddened with the reflection of the west. Elphin gazed earnestly on the peopled plain, reposing in the calm of evening between the mountains and the sea, and thought, with deep feelings of secret pain, how much of life and human happiness was intrusted to the ruinous mound on which he stood.

CHAPTER II

The Drunkeness of Seithenyn

  The three immortal drunkards of the isle of Britain: Ceraint of Essyllwg; Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau; and Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi. --Triads of the Isle of Britain.
THE SUN had sunk beneath the waves when they reached the castle of Seithenyn. The sound of the harp and the song saluted them as they approached it. As they entered the great hall, which was already blazing with the torchlight, they found his highness, and his highness's household, convincing themselves and each other with wine and wassail, of the excellence of their system of virtual superintendence; and the following jovial chorus broke on the ears of the visitors:
  
              THE CIRCLING OF THE MEAD-HORNS
          Fill the blue horn, the blue buffalo horn:
          Natural is mead in the buffalo horn:
          As the cuckoo in spring, as the lark in the morn,
          So natural is mead in the buffalo horn.
          As the cup of the flower to the bee when he sips,
          Is the full cup of mead to the true Briton's lips:
          From the flower-cups of summer, on field and on tree,
          Our mead cups are filled by the vintager bee.
          Seithenyn ap Seithyn, the generous, the bold,
          Drinks the wine of the stranger from vessels of gold;
          But we from the horn, the blue silver-rimmed horn,
          Drink the ale and the mead in our fields that were born.
          The ale-froth is white, and the mead sparkles bright;
          They both smile apart, and with smiles they unite:
          The mead from the flower, and the ale from the corn,
          Smile, sparkle, and sing in the buffalo horn.
          The horn, the blue horn, cannot stand on its tip;
          Its path is right on from the hand to the lip:
          Though the bowl and the wine-cup our tables adorn,
          More natural the draught from the buffalo horn.
          But Seithenyn ap Seithyn, the generous, the bold,
          Drinks the bright-flowing wine from the far-gleaming gold:
          The wine, in the bowl by his lip that is worn,
          Shall be glorious as mead in the buffalo horn.
          The horns circle fast, but their fountains will last,
          As the stream passes ever, and never is past:
          Exhausted so quickly, replenished so soon,
          They wax and they wane like the horns of the moon.
          Fill high the blue horn, the blue buffalo horn;
          Fill high the long silver-rimmed buffalo horn:
          While the roof of the hall by our chorus is torn,
          Fill, fill to the brim, the deep silver-rimmed horn.

  Elphin and Teithrin stood some time on the floor of the hall before they attracted the attention of Seithenyn, who, during the chorus, was tossing and flourishing his golden goblet. The chorus had scarcely ended when he noticed them, and immediately roared aloud, "You are welcome all four."
  Elphin answered, "We thank you: we are but two."
  "Two or four," said Seithenyn, "all is one. You are welcome all. When a stranger enters, the custom in other places is to begin by washing his feet. My custom is, to begin by washing his throat. Seithenyn ap Seithyn Saidi bids you welcome."
  Elphin, taking the wine-cup, answered, "Elphin ap Gwythno Garanhir thanks you."
  Seithenyn started up. He endeavoured to straighten himself into perpendicularity, and to stand steadily on his legs. He accomplished half his object by stiffening all his joints but those of his ancles, and from these the rest of his body vibrated upwards with the inflexibility of a bar. After thus oscillating for a time, like an inverted pendulum, finding that the attention requisite to preserve his rigidity absorbed all he could collect of his dissipated energies, and that he required a portion of them for the management of his voice, which he felt a dizzy desire to wield with peculiar steadiness in the presence of the son of the king, he suddenly relaxed the muscles that perform the operation of sitting, and dropped into his chair like a plummet. He then, with a gracious gesticulation, invited Prince Elphin to take his seat on his right hand, and proceeded to compose himself into a dignified attitude, throwing his body back into the left corner of his chair, resting his left elbow on its arm and his left cheekbone on the middle of the back of his left hand, placing his left foot on a footstool, and stretching out his right leg as straight and as far as his position allowed. He had thus his right hand at liberty, for the ornament of his eloquence and the conduct of his liquor.
  Elphin seated himself at the right hand of Seithenyn. Theithrin remained at the end of the hall: on which Seithenyn exclaimed, "Come on, man, come on. What, if you be not the son of a king, you are the guest of Seithenyn ap Seithenyn Saidi. The most honourable place to the most honourable guest, and the next most honourable place to the next most honourable guest; the least honourable guest above the most honourable inmate; and, where there are but two guests, be the most honourable who he may, the least honourable of the two is next in honour to the most honourable of the two, because they are no more but two; and, where there are only two, there can be nothing between. Therefore sit, and drink. GWIN O EUR: wine from gold."
  Elphin motioned Teithrin to approach, and sit next to him.
  Prince Seithenyn, whose liquor was "his eating and his drinking solely", seemed to measure the gastronomy of his guests by his own; but his groom of the pantry thought the strangers might be disposed to eat, and placed before them a choice of provision, on which Teithrin ap Tathral did vigorous execution.
  "I pray your excuses," said Seithenyn, "my stomach is weak, and I am subject to dizziness in the head, and my memory is not so good as it was, and my faculties of attention are somewhat impaired, and I would dilate more upon the topic, whereby you should hold me excused, but I am troubled with a feverishness and parching of the mouth, that very much injures my speech, and impedes my saying all I would say, and will say before I have done, in token of my loyalty and fealty to your highness and your highness's house. I must just moisten my lips, and I will then proceed with my observations. Cupbearer, fill.
  "Prince Seithenyn," said Elphin, "I have visited you on a subject of deep moment. Reports have been brought to me, that the embankment, which has been so long intrusted to your care, is in a state of dangerous decay."
  "Decay," said Seithenyn, "is one thing, and danger is another. Every thing that is old must decay. That the embankment is old, I am free to confess; that it is somewhat rotten in parts, I will not altogether deny; that it is any the worse for that, I do most sturdily gainsay. It does its business well: it works well: it keeps out the water from the land, and it lets in the wine upon the High Commission of Embankment. Cupbearer, fill. Our ancestors were wiser than we: they built it in their wisdom; and, if we should be so rash as to try to mend it, we should only mar it."
  "The stonework," said Teithrin, "is sapped and mined: the piles are rotten, broken, and dislocated: the floodgates and sluices are leaky and creaky."
  "That is the beauty of it," said Seithenyn. "Some parts of it are rotten, and some parts of it are sound."
  "It is well," said Elphin, "that some parts are sound: it were better that all were so."
  "So I have heard some people say before," said Seithenyn; "perverse people, blind to venerable antiquity: that very unamiable sort of people, who are in the habit of indulging their reason. But I say, the parts that are rotten give elasticity to those that are sound: they give them elasticity, elasticity, elasticity. If it were all sound, it would break by its own obstinate stiffness: the soundness is checked by the rottenness, and the stiffness is balanced by the elasticity. There is nothing so dangerous as innovation. See the waves in the equinoctial storms, dashing and clashing, roaring and pouring, spattering and battering, rattling and battling against it. I would not be so presumptuous as to say, I could build any thing that would stand against them half an hour; and here this immortal old work, which God forbid the finger of modern mason should bring into jeopardy, this immortal work has stood for centuries, and will stand for centuries more, if we let it alone. It is well: it works well: let well alone. Cupbearer, fill. It was half rotten when I was born, and that is a conclusive reason why it should be three parts rotten when I die."
  The whole body of the High Commission roared approbation.
  "And after all," said Seithenyn, "the worst that could happen would be the overflow of a springtide, for that was the worst that happened before the embankment was thought of; and, if the high water should come in, as it did before, the low water would go out again, as it did before. We should be no deeper in it than our ancestors were, and we could mend as easily as they could make."
  "The level of the sea," said Teithrin, "is materially altered."
  "The level of the sea!" exclaimed Seithenyn. "Who ever heard of such a thing as altering the level of the sea? Alter the level of that bowl of wine before you, in which, as I sit here, I see a very ugly reflection of your very goodlooking face. Alter the level of that: drink up the reflection: let me see the face without the reflection, and leave the sea to level itself."
  "Not to level the embankment," said Teithrin.
  "Good, very good," said Seithenyn. "I love a smart saying, though it hits at me. But, whether yours is a smart saying or no, I do not very clearly see; and, whether it hits at me or no, I do not very sensibly feel. But all is one. Cupbearer, fill."
  "I think," pursued Seithenyn, looking as intently as he could at Teithrin ap Tathral, "I have seen something very like you before. There was a fellow here the other day very like you: he stayed here some time: he would not talk: he did nothing but drink: he used to drink till he could not stand, and then he went walking about the embankment. I suppose he thought it wanted mending; but he did not say any thing. If he had, I should have told him to embank his own throat, to keep the liquor out of that. That would have posed him: he could not have answered that: he would not have had a word to say for himself after that."
  "He must have been a miraculous person," said Teithrin, "to walk when he could not stand."
  "All is one for that," said Seithenyn. "Cupbearer, fill."
  "Prince Seithenyn," said Elphin, "if I were not aware that wine speaks in the silence of reason, I should be astonished at your strange vindication of your neglect of duty, which I take shame to myself for not having sooner known and remedied. The wise bard has well observed, "Nothing is done without the eye of the king.""
  "I am very sorry," said Seithenyn, "that you see things in a wrong light: but we will not quarrel for three reasons: first, because you are the son of the king, and may do and say what you please, without any one having a right to be displeased: second, because I never quarrel with a guest, even if he grows riotous in his cups: third, because there is nothing to quarrel about; and perhaps that is the best reason of the three; or rather the first is the best, because you are the son of the king; and the third is the second, that is, the second best, because there is nothing to quarrel about; and the second is nothing to the purpose, because, though guests will grow riotous in their cups, in spite of my good orderly example, God forbid I should say, that is the case with you. And I completely agree in the truth of your remark, that reason speaks in the silence of wine."
  Seithenyn accompanied his speech with a vehement swinging of his right hand: in so doing, at this point, he dropped his cup: a sudden impulse of rash volition, to pick it dexterously up before he resumed his discourse, ruined all his devices for maintaining dignity; in stooping forward from his chair, he lost his balance, and fell prostrate on the floor.
  The whole body of the High Commission arose in simultaneous confusion, each zealous to be the foremost in uplifting his fallen chief. In the vehemence of their uprise, they hurled the benches backward and the tables forward; the crash of cups and bowls accompanied their overthrow; and rivulets of liquor ran gurgling through the hall. The household wished to redeem the credit of their leader in the eyes of the Prince; but the only service they could render him was to participate his discomfiture; for Seithenyn, as he was first in dignity, was also, as was fitting, hardest in skull; and that which had impaired his equilibrium had utterly destroyed theirs. Some fell, in the first impulse, with the tables and benches; others were tripped up by the rolling bowls; and the remainder fell at different points of progression, by jostling against each other, or stumbling over those who had fallen before them.

CHAPTER III

The Oppression of Gwenhidwy

               Nid meddw y dyn a allo
               Cwnu ei hun a rhodio,
               Ac yved rhagor ddiawd:
               Nid yw hyny yn veddwdawd.            

(Not drunk is he, who from the floor
            Can rise alone, and still drink more;
            But drunk is he, who prostrate lies,
            Without the power to drink or rise.)

Attributed to Seithenyn son of Seithyn

A SIDE door, at the upper end of the hall, to the left of Seithenyn's chair, opened, and a beautiful young girl entered the hall, with her domestic bard, and her attendant maidens.
  It was Angharad, the daughter of Seithenyn. The tumult had drawn her from the solitude of her chamber, apprehensive that some evil might befall her father in that incapability of self-protection to which he made a point of bringing himself by set of sun. She gracefully saluted Prince Elphin, and directed the cupbearers, (who were bound, by their office, to remain half sober till the rest of the company were finished off, after which they indemnified themselves at leisure,) she directed the cupbearers to lift up Prince Seithenyn, and bear him from the hall. The cupbearers reeled off with their lord, who had already fallen asleep, and who now began to play them a pleasant march with his nose, to inspirit their progression.



  Elphin gazed with delight on the beautiful apparition, whose gentle and serious loveliness contrasted so strikingly with the broken trophies and fallen heroes of revelry that lay scattered at her feet.
  "Stranger," she said, "this seems an unfitting place for you: let me conduct you where you will be more agreeably lodged."
  "Still less should I deem it fitting for you, fair maiden," said Elphin.
  She answered, "The pleasure of her father is the duty of Angharad."
  Elphin was desirous to protract the conversation, and this very desire took from him the power of speaking to the purpose. He paused for a moment to collect his ideas, and Angharad stood still, in apparent expectation that he would show symptoms of following, in compliance with her invitation.
  In this interval of silence, he heard the loud dashing of the sea, and the blustering of the wind through the apertures of the walls.
  This supplied him with what has been, since Britain was Britain, the alpha and omega of British conversation. He said, "It seems a stormy night."
  She answered, "We are used to storms: we are far from the mountains, between the lowlands and the sea, and the winds blow round us from all quarters."
  There was another pause of deep silence. The noise of the sea was louder, and the gusts pealed like thunder through the apertures. Amidst the fallen and sleeping revellers, the confused and littered hall, the low and wavering torches, Angharad, lovely always, shone with single and surpassing loveliness. The gust died away in murmurs, and swelled again into thunder, and died away in murmurs again; and, as it died away, mixed with the murmurs of the ocean, a voice, that seemed one of the many voices of the wind, pronounced the ominous words, "Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy."
  They looked at each other, as if questioning whether all had heard alike.
  "Did you not hear a voice?" said Angharad, after a pause.
  "The same," said Elphin, "which has once before seemed to say to me, 'Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy.' "
  Teithrin hurried forth on the rampart: Angharad turned pale, and leaned against a pillar of the hall. Elphin was amazed and awed, absorbed as his feelings were in her. The sleepers on the floor made an uneasy movement, and uttered an inarticulate cry.
  Teithrin returned. "What saw you?" said Elphin.
  Teithrin answered, "A tempest is coming from the west. The moon has waned three days, and is half hidden in clouds, just visible above the mountains: the bank of clouds is black in the west; the scud is flying before them; and the white waves are rolling to the shore."
  "This is the highest of the springtides," said Angharad, "and they are very terrible in the storms from the west, when the spray flies over the embankment, and the breakers shake the tower which has its foot in the surf."
  "Whence was the voice," said Elphin, "which we heard erewhile? Was it the cry of a sleeper in his drink, or an error of the fancy, or a warning voice from the elements?"
  "It was surely nothing earthly," said Angharad, "nor was it an error of the fancy, for we all heard the words, "Beware of the oppression of Gwenhidwy." Often and often, in the storms of the springtides, have I feared to see her roll her power over the fields of Gwaelod."
  "Pray heaven she do not tonight," said Teithrin.
  "Can there be such a danger?" said Elphin.
  "I think," said Teitherin, "of the decay I have seen, and I fear the voice I have heard."
  A long pause of deep silence ensued, during which they heard the intermitting peals of the wind, and the increasing sound of the rising sea, swelling progressively into wilder and more menacing tumult, till, with one terrific impulse, the whole violence of the equinoctial tempest seemed to burst upon the shore. It was one of those tempests which occur once in several centuries, and which, by their extensive devastations, are chronicled to eternity; for a storm that signalizes its course with extraordinary destruction, becomes as worthy of celebration as a hero for the same reason. The old bard seemed to be of this opinion; for the turmoil which appalled Elphin, and terrified Angharad, fell upon his ears as the sound of inspiration: the awen came upon him; and, seizing his harp, he mingled his voice and his music with the uproar of the elements:
  
              THE SONG OF THE FOUR WINDS OF THE CARDINAL DIRECTIONS
          Wind from the north: the young spring day
          Is pleasant on the sunny mead;
          Tho' merry harps at evening play;
          The dance gay youths and maidens lead:
          The thrush makes chorus from the thorn:
          The mighty drinker fills his horn.
          Wind from the east: the shore is still;
          The mountain-clouds fly tow'rds the sea;
          The ice is on the winter-rill;
          The great hall fire is blazing free:
          The prince's circling feast is spread:
          Drink fills with fumes the brainless head.
          Wind from the south: in summer shade
          'Tis sweet to hear the loud harp ring;
          Sweet is the step of comely maid,
          Who to the bard a cup doth bring:
          The black crow flies where carrion lies:
          Where pignuts lurk, the swine will work.
          Wind from the west: the autumnal deep
          Rolls on the shore its billowy pride:
          He, who the rampart's watch must keep,
          Will mark with awe the rising tide:
          The high springtide, that bursts its mound,
          May roll o'er miles of level ground.
          Wind from the west: the mighty wave
          Of ocean bounds o'er rock and sand;
          The foaming surges roar and rave
          Against the bulwarks of the land:
          When waves are rough, and winds are high,
          Good is the land that's high and dry.
          Wind from the west: the storm-clouds rise;
          The breakers rave; the whirlblasts roar;
          The mingled rage of the seas and skies
          Bursts on the low and lonely shore:
          When safety's far, and danger nigh,
          Swift feet the readiest aid supply.
          Wind from the west---

His song was cut short by a tremendous crash. The tower, which had its foot in the sea, had long been sapped by the waves; the storm had prematurely perfected the operation, and the tower fell into the surf, carrying with it a portion of the wall of the main building, and revealing, through the chasm, the white raging of the breakers beneath the blackness of the midnight storm. The wind rushed into the hall, extinguishing the torches within the line of its course, tossing the grey locks and loose mantle of the bard, and the light white drapery and long black tresses of Angharad. With the crash of the falling tower, and the simultaneous shriek of the women, the sleepers started from the floor, staring with drunken amazement; and, shortly after, reeling like an Indian from the wine-rolling Hydaspes, in staggered Seithenyn ap Seithyn.
  Seithenyn leaned against a pillar, and stared at the sea through the rifted wall, with wild and vacant surprise. He perceived that there was an innovation, and he felt that he was injured: how, or by whom, he did not quite so clearly discern. He looked at Elphin and Teithrin, at his daughter, and at the members of his household, with a long and dismal aspect of blank and mute interrogation, modified by the struggling consciousness of puzzled self-importance, which seemed to require from his chiefship some word of command in this incomprehensible emergency. But the longer he looked, the less clearly he saw; and the longer he pondered, the less he understood. He felt the rush of the wind; he saw the white foam of the sea; his ears were dizzy with their mingled roar. He remained at length motionless, leaning against the pillar, and gazing on the breakers with fixed and glaring vacancy.
  "The sleepers of Gwaelod," said Elphin, "they who sleep in peace and security, trusting to the vigilance of Seithenyn, what will become of them?"
  "Warn them with the beacon fire," said Teithrin, "if there be fuel on the summit of the landward tower."
  "That of course has been neglected too," said Elphin.
  "Not so," said Angharad, "that has been my charge."
  Teithrin seized a torch, and ascended the eastern tower, and, in a few minutes, the party in the hall beheld the breakers reddening with the reflected fire, and deeper and yet deeper crimson tinging the whirling foam, and sheeting the massy darkness of the bursting waves.
  Seithenyn turned his eyes on Elphin. His recollection of him was extremely faint, and the longer he looked on him he remembered him the less. He was conscious of the presence of strangers, and of the occurrence of some signal mischief, and associated the two circumstances in his dizzy perceptions with a confused but close connexion. He said at length, looking sternly at Elphin, "I do not know what right the wind has to blow upon me here; nor what business the sea has to show itself here; nor what business you have here: but one thing is very evident, that either my castle or the sea is on fire; and I shall be glad to know who has done it, for terrible shall be the vengeance of Seithenyn ap Seithyn. Show me the enemy," he pursued, drawing his sword furiously, and flourishing it over his head, "Show me the enemy; show me the enemy."
  An unusual tumult mingled with the roar of the waves; a sound, the same in kind, but greater in degree, with that produced by the loose stones of the beach, which are rolled to and fro by the surf.
  Teithrin rushed into the hall, exclaiming, "All is over! the mound is broken; and the springtide is rolling through the breach."
  Another portion of the castle wall fell into the mining waves, and, by the dim and thickly-clouded moonlight, and the red blaze of the beacon fire, they beheld a torrent pouring in from the sea upon the plain, and rushing immediately beneath the castle walls, which, as well as the points of the embankment that formed the sides of the breach, continued to crumble away into the waters.
  "Who has done this?" vociferated Seithenyn, "Show me the enemy."
  "There is no enemy but the sea," said Elphin, "to which you, in y our drunken madness, have abandoned the land. Think, if you can think, of what is passing in the plain. The storm drowns the cries of your victims; but the curses of the perishing are upon you."
  "Show me the enemy," vociferated Seithenyn, flourishing his sword more furiously.
  Angharad looked deprecatingly at Elphin, who abstained from further reply.
  "There is no enemy but the sea," said Teithrin, "against which your sword avails not."
  "Who dares to say so?" said Seithenyn. "Who dares to say that there is an enemy on earth against whom the sword of Seithenyn ap Seithyn is unavailing? Thus, thus I prove the falsehood."


 
 And, springing suddenly forward, he leaped into the torrent, flourishing his sword as he descended.
  "Oh, my unhappy father!" sobbed Angharad, veiling her face with her arm on the shoulder of one of her female attendants, whom Elphin dexterously put aside, and substituted himself as the supporter of the desolate beauty.
  "We must quit the castle," said Teithrin, "or we shall be buried in its ruins. We have but one path of safety, along the summit of the embankment, if there be not another breach between us and the high land, and if we can keep our footing in this hurricane. But there is no alternative. The walls are melting away like snow."
  The bard, who was now recovered from his awen, and beginning to be perfectly alive to his own personal safety, conscious at the same time that the first duty of his privileged order was to animate the less-gifted multitude by examples of right conduct in trying emergencies, was the first to profit by Teithrin's admonition, and to make the best of his way through the door that opened to the embankment, on which he had no sooner set his foot than he was blown down by the wind, his harp-strings ringing as he fell. He was indebted to the impediment of his harp, for not being rolled down the mound into the waters which were rising within.
  Teithrin picked him up, and admonished him to abandon his harp to its fate, and fortify his steps with a spear. The bard murmured objections: and even the reflection that he could more easily get another harp than another life, did not reconcile him to parting with his beloved companion. He got over the difficulty by slinging his harp, cumbrous as it was, to his left side, and taking a spear in his right hand.
  Angharad, recovering from the first shock of Seithenyn's catastrophe, became awake to the imminent danger. The spirit of the Cymric female, vigilant and energetic in peril, disposed her and her attendant maidens to use their best exertions for their own preservation. Following the advice and example of Elphin and Teithrin, they armed themselves with spears, which they took down from the walls.
  Teithrin led the way, striking the point of his spear firmly into the earth, and leaning from it on the wind: Angharad followed in the same manner: Elphin followed Angharad, looking as earnestly to her safety as was compatible with moderate care of his own: the attendant maidens followed Elphin; and the bard, whom the result of his first experiment had rendered unambitious of the van, followed the female train. Behind them went the cupbearers, whom the accident of sobriety had qualified to march: and behind them reeled and roared those of the bacchanal rout who were able and willing to move; those more especially who had wives or daughters to support their tottering steps. Some were incapable of locomotion, and others, in the heroic madness of liquor, sat down to await their destiny, as they finished the half-drained vessels.
  The bard, who had somewhat of a picturesque eye, could not help sparing a little leisure from the care of his body, to observe the effects before him: the volumed blackness of the storm; the white bursting of the breakers in the faint and scarcely-perceptible moonlight; the rushing and rising of the waters within the mound; the long floating hair and waving drapery of the young women; the red light of the beacon fire falling on them from behind; the surf rolling up the side of the embankment, and breaking almost at their feet; the spray flying above their heads; and the resolution with which they impinged the stony ground with their spears, and bore themselves up against the wind.
  Thus they began their march. They had not proceeded far, when the tide began to recede, the wind to abate somewhat of its violence, and the moon to look on them at intervals through the rifted clouds, disclosing the desolation of the inundated plain, silvering the tumultuous surf, gleaming on the distant mountains, and revealing a lengthened prospect of their solitary path, that lay in its irregular line like a ribbon on the deep.

CHAPTER IV

The Lamentations of Gwythno

               Ou pausomai tas Charitas
               Mousais sugkatamignus,
               Hédistan suzugian.
                                   --Euripides [Heracles, 674 ff.]

            Not, though grief my ages defaces,
            Will I cease, in concert dear,
            Blending still the gentle graces
            With the muses more severe.

KING Gwythno had feasted joyously, and had sung his new ode to a chosen party of his admiring subjects, amidst their, of course, enthusiastic applause. He heard the storm raging without, as he laid himself down to rest: he thought it a very hard case for those who were out in it, especially on the sea; congratulated himself on his own much more comfortable condition; and went to sleep with a pious reflection on the goodness of Providence to himself.
  He was roused from a pleasant dream by a confused and tumultuous dissonance, that mingled with the roar of the tempest. Rising with much reluctance, and looking forth from his window, he beheld in the moonlight a half-naked multitude, larger than his palace thrice multiplied could have contained, pressing round the gates, and clamouring for admission and shelter; while beyond them his eye fell on the phænomenon of stormy waters, rolling in the place of the fertile fields from which he derived his revenue.
  Gwythno, though a king and his own laureate, was not without sympathy for the people who had the honour and happiness of victualling his royal house, and he issued forth on his balcony full of perplexities and alarms, stunned by the sudden sense of the half-understood calamity, and his head still dizzy from the effects of abruptly-broken sleep, and the vapours of the overnight's glorious festival.
  Gwythno was altogether a reasonably good sort of person, and a poet of some note. His people were somewhat proud of him on the latter score, and very fond of him on the former; for even the tenth part of those homely virtues, that decorate the memories of "husbands kind and fathers dear" in every churchyard, are matters of plebeian admiration in the persons of royalty; and every tangible point in every such virtue so located, becomes a convenient peg for the suspension of love and loyalty. While, therefore, they were unanimous in consigning the soul of Seithenyn to a place that no well-bred divine will name to a polite congregation, they overflowed, in the abundance of their own griefs, with a portion of sympathy for Gwythno, and saluted him, as he issued forth on his balcony, with a hearty Duw cadw y Brenin, or God save the King, which he returned with a benevolent wave of the hand; but they followed it up by an intense vociferation for food and lodging, which he received with a pitiful shake of the head.
  Meanwhile the morning dawned: the green spots, that peered with the ebbing tide above the waste of waters, only served to indicate the irremediableness of the general desolation.
  Gwythno proceeded to hold a conference with his people, as deliberately as the stormy state of the weather and their minds, and the confusion of his own, would permit. The result of the conference was, that they should use their best exertions to catch some stray beeves, which had escaped the inundation, and were lowing about the rocks in search of new pastures. This measure was carried into immediate effect: the victims were killed and roasted, carved, distributed, and eaten, in a very Homeric fashion, and washed down with a large portion of the contents of the royal cellars; after which, having more leisure to dwell on their losses, the fugitives of Gwaelod proceeded to make loud lamentation, all collectively for home and for country, and severally for wife or husband, parent or child, whom the flood had made its victims.
  In the midst of these lamentations arrived Elphin and Angharad, with her bard and attendant maidens, and Teithrin ap Tathral. Gwythno, after a consultation, despatched Teithrin and Angharad's domestic bard on an embassy to the court of Uther Pendragon, and to such of the smaller kings as lay in the way, to solicit such relief as their several majesties might be able and willing to afford to a king in distress. It is said, that the bard, finding a royal bardship vacant in a more prosperous court, made the most of himself in the market, and stayed where he was better fed and lodged than he could expect to be in Caerdigion; but that Teithrin returned, with many valuable gifts, and most especially one from Merlin, being a hamper, which multiplied an hundredfold by morning whatever was put into it overnight, so that, for a ham and a flask put by in the evening, an hundred hams and an hundred flasks were taken out in the morning. It is at least certain that such a hamper is enumerated among the thirteen wonders of Merlin's art, and, in the authentic catalogue thereof, is called the Hamper of Gwythno.
  Be this as it may, Gwythno, though shorn of the beams of his revenue, kept possession of his palace. Elphin married Angharad, and built a salmon-weir on the Mawddach, the produce of which, with that of a series of beehives, of which his princess and her maidens made mead, constituted for some time the principal w ealth and subsistence of the royal family of Caerdigion.
  King Gwythno, while his son was delving or fishing, and his daughter spinning or making mead, sat all day on the rocks, with his harp between his knees, watching the rolling of ocean over the locality of his past dominion, and pouring forth his soul in pathetic song on the change of his own condition, and the mutability of human things. Two of his songs of lamentation have been preserved by tradition: they are the only relics of his muse which time has spared.
  
              GWYDDNAU EI CANT,
              PAN DDOAI Y MOR DROS CANTREV Y GWALAWD.

              A SONG OF GWYTHNO GARANHIR,
              ON THE INUNDATION OF THE SEA OVER THE PLAIN OF GWAELOD.

          Stand forth, Seithenyn: winds are high:
          Look down beneath the lowering sky;
          Look from the rock: what meets thy sight?
          Nought but the breakers rolling white.

          Stand forth, Seithenyn: winds are still:
          Look from the rock and heathy hill
          For Gwythno's realm: what meets thy view?
          Nought but the ocean's desert blue.

          Curst be the treacherous mound, that gave
          A passage to the mining wave:
          Curst be the cup, with mead-froth crowned,
          That charmed from thought the trusted mound.

          A tumult, and a cry to heaven!
          The white surf breaks; the mound is riven:
          Through the wide rift the ocean-spring
          Bursts with tumultuous ravaging.

          The western ocean's stormy might
          Is curling o'er the rampart's height:
          Destruction strikes with want and scorn
          Presumption, from abundance born.

          The tumult of the western deep
          Is on the winds, affrighting sleep:
          It thunders at my chamber-door;
          It bids me wake, to sleep no more.

          The tumult of the midnight sea
          Swells inland, wildly, fearfully:
          The mountain-caves respond its shocks
          Among the unaccustomed rocks.

          The tumult of the vext sea-coast
          Rolls inland like an armed host:
          It leaves, for flocks and fertile land,
          But foaming waves and treacherous sand.

          The wild sea rolls where long have been
          Glad homes of men, and pastures green:
          To arrogance and wealth succeed
          Wide ruin and avenging need.

          Seithenyn, come: I call in vain:
          The high of birth and weak of brain
          Sleeps under ocean's lonely roar
          Between the rampart and the shore.

          The eternal waste of waters, spread
          Above his unrespected head,
          The blue expanse, with foam besprent,
          Is his too glorious monument.

  
              ANOTHER SONG OF GWYTHNO

          I love the green and tranquil shore;
          I hate the ocean's dizzy roar,
          Whose devastating spray has flown
          High o'er the monarch's barrier-stone.

          Sad was the feast, which he who spread
          Is numbered with the inglorious dead;
          The feast within the torch-lit hall,
          While stormy breakers mined the wall.

          To him repentance came too late:
          In cups the chatterer met his fate:
          Sudden and sad the doom that burst
          On him and me, but mine the worst.

          I love the shore, and hate the deep:
          The wave has robbed my nights of sleep:
          The heart of man is cheered by wine;
          But now the wine-cup cheers not mine.

          The feast, which bounteous hands dispense,
          Makes glad the soul, and charms the sense:
          But in the circling feast I know
          The coming of my deadliest foe.

          Blest be the rock, whose foot supplied
          A step to them that fled the tide;
          The rock of bards, on whose rude steep
          I bless the shore, and hate the deep.

  "The sigh of Gwythno Garanhir when the breakers ploughed up his land" is the substance of a proverbial distich, which may still be heard on the coast of Merioneth and Cardigan, to express the sense of an overwhelming calamity. The curious investigator may still land on a portion of the ancient stony rampart; which stretches, off the point of Mochres, far out into Cardigan Bay, nine miles of the summit being left dry, in calm weather, by the low water of the springtides; and which is now called Sarn Badrig, or St. Patrick's Causeway.
  Thus the kingdom of Caerdigion fell into ruin: its people were destroyed, or turned out of house and home; and its royal family were brought to a condition in which they found it difficult to get loaves to their fishes. We, who live in more enlightened times, amidst the "gigantic strides of intellect," when offices of public trust are so conscientiously and zealously discharged, and so vigilantly checked and superintended, may wonder at the wicked negligence of Seithenyn; at the sophisms with which, in his liquor, he vindicated his system, and pronounced the eulogium of his old dilapidations, and at the blind confidence of Gwythono and his people in this virtual guardian of their lives and property: happy that our own public guardians are too virtuous to act or talk like Seithenyn, and that we ourselves are too wise not to perceive, and too free not to prevent it, if they should be so disposed.

Wake up Seithennin

Can’t you see what’s happening

The wild tide is rushing in.

Stand up, stand forth, Seithennin
Look out at the waves
Crashing over Gwyddno’s realm.

Woe to the maiden,
The aggrieved cup-bearer
Who bore in her cup the sea’s chagrin.

Cursed be the girl
Who let it loose after battle,
The cup-bearer of the desolate ocean.

Woe upon her, the daughter
Of the well whose cup of plenty
Covers the contours with featureless water.

Mererid’s outcry from the fortress heights
reaches even the gods;
It is known: after arrogance is loss.

Mererid’s outcry from the fortress heights today
imploring the gods;
It is known : pride has its redress.

Can you hear her call

Ringing out across the water?

Your fault has brought you to a fall.

Can you hear her berate

The fate that’s brought her

To this end – early or late?

She sings her lament

Over Gwyddno’s flooded meadows

The cup of plenty now is spent.

Mererid’s outcry is a grief that overcomes me tonight
It brings only anguish, and I cannot prosper;
It is known : presumption has its price.

Mererid’s outcry from strong wines, from the bay mare’s back
The bountiful gods bring retribution;
It is known : after excess there is lack.

Mererid’s outcry calls me from my lodging
from my bedchamber... No bed for me tonight;
It is known : conceit has its ending.

The grave of high-minded Seithennin,
Between Caer Genedr and the sea:
Such a great leader was he.